Six people – three women and three men – were injured in the fire at Indian Aroma on Woodford Avenue, Gants Hill, at about 9pm on 22 August.
Metropolitan Police said a man and a woman remain in hospital with “life-changing injuries”.
Officers arrested the teenager on Tuesday and charged him with six counts of attempted murder, arson with intent to endanger life and possession of an offensive weapon.
The suspect is due to appear at Barkingside Juvenile Court on Wednesday.
Another 16-year-old boy was previously charged with attempted murder in connection with the investigation.
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Two other 16-year-old boys and a 54-year-old man previously arrested on suspicion of arson with intent to endanger life were released on bail.
The Metropolitan Police said “enquiries remain ongoing” and urged anyone with information to contact the force or Crimestoppers.
