The arrests were made in London, Gloucestershire, Oxfordshire, Devon, Essex, Manchester, Surrey, Sussex, Norfolk and West Yorkshire.
“Among those held were several high-profile members of Just Stop Oil who we believe to be key organisers,” the force said.
Four people were arrested on Tuesday after being identified at Gatwick Airport and have since been released on bail.
On Thursday, six more people were arrested at an east London community centre “as part of a publicly-advertised event promoting airport disruption”.
Met officers worked with eight other police forces on Friday to arrest 17 further suspects at their homes across the country.
Chief Supt Ian Howells, who led the operation, said: “We know Just Stop Oil are planning to disrupt airports across the country this summer, which is why we have taken swift and robust action now.
“Our stance is very clear that anyone who compromises the safety and security of airports in London can expect a strong response from officers or security staff.
“Airports are complex operating environments which is why we are working closely with them, agencies and other partners on this operation.”
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